05 Nov 2024

Genital Warts: A Comprehensive Guide to Treatment and Management

Introduction

Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). While they can cause concern, it's important to understand that most cases are treatable and manageable with proper medical care. This guide provides essential information about diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies.

Understanding Genital Warts

What Are Genital Warts?

Genital warts are small growths on the skin that appear in and around the genital area. They are caused primarily by HPV types 6 and 11, which are considered low-risk strains and do not typically lead to cancer.

Affected Areas

Genital warts may appear on:

• External genitalia (penis, vulva)
• Cervix
• Perianal region
• Groin
• Scrotum
• Internal areas (vagina, anal canal)

Note: Warts appearing on hands, feet, or mouth are caused by different HPV strains and require different treatment approaches.

Risk Factors

Higher risk groups include:

• Young adults and teenagers
• Individuals engaging in unprotected sexual activity
• People with multiple sexual partners
• Those with compromised immune systems

Transmission

HPV transmission occurs through:

• Direct sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral)
• Skin-to-skin genital contact
• Contact with infected genital secretions
• Sharing of intimate items

Important: Transmission can occur even when warts are not visible.

Signs and Symptoms

Common presentations include:

• Small, flesh-coloured or greyish growths
• Flat or raised lesions
• Clustered growths resembling cauliflower
• Mild irritation or discomfort
• Occasional bleeding, particularly after intercourse
• Localised itching

Diagnosis

Healthcare providers may use several methods:

Physical Examination

• Visual inspection of external genitalia
• Examination using bright light and magnification

Specialist Tests

1. Cervical Screening:
   • Cervical cytology (smear test)
   • HPV testing when indicated
2. Additional Procedures:
   • Colposcopy for cervical examination
   • Anoscopy for anal wart assessment
   • Biopsy if appearance is unusual

Treatment Options

Conservative Management

Some cases resolve spontaneously through immune response. However, treatment is often recommended to:

• Reduce transmission risk
• Alleviate symptoms
• Address psychological concerns

Medical Treatments

Topical Treatments

• Prescribed creams and solutions
• Applied directly to affected areas
• Course length varies by medication

Procedural Treatments

1. Cryotherapy:
   • Freezing warts with liquid nitrogen
   • Multiple sessions may be needed
2. Electrocautery:
   • Burning warts with electrical current
   • Performed under local anaesthetic
3. Laser Treatment:
   • Precise removal of warts
   • Particularly useful for extensive cases
4. Surgical Excision:
   • Reserved for resistant cases
   • Performed under appropriate anaesthesia

Prevention Strategies

Primary Prevention

1. Vaccination:
   • HPV vaccination programme available through NHS
   • Recommended for eligible age groups
2. Safe Sex Practices:
   • Consistent condom use
   • Regular sexual health screening
   • Open communication with partners

Secondary Prevention

• Regular sexual health check-ups
• Prompt medical attention if symptoms develop
• Adherence to treatment plans

Special Considerations

Pregnancy

During pregnancy:

• Warts may increase in size
• Treatment options may be limited
• Delivery method assessment needed if extensive

Follow-up Care

• Regular monitoring for recurrence
• Ongoing sexual health screening
• Partner notification when appropriate

When to Seek Medical Attention

Consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

• New genital growths
• Changes in existing warts
• Discomfort during intercourse
• Unusual genital discharge
• Urinary symptoms
• Bleeding between periods or after intercourse

Conclusion

Genital warts can be effectively managed with appropriate medical care. Early intervention and preventive measures are key to successful outcomes. At our sexual health clinic, we offer a range of testing, treatment and diagnostic services if you are worried about, or experiencing symptoms of an HPV infection on a same-day and walk-in basis. 

For professional medical advice and treatment, please contact:

Medical Express Clinic

117a Harley Street
London W1G 6AT

This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace consultation with a healthcare professional.